Dear astrophotographers of galaxies (especially of very unknown distant galaxies from the P.G.C.; Principal Galaxies Catalogue). I want to know if there are telescopic photographs of the nearest PGC galaxy to today's North Celestial Pole (Epoch 2024). This curious question "pop'd up" while looking at page 2008 in Robert Burnham's Celestial Handbook (Volume 3: Ursa Minor). This page (a detailed celestial chart) shows an interesting close up of the region immediately near and around the North Celestial Pole, very near Alpha Ursae Minoris (Polaris). This chart also shows the slightly concave (or convex) path of the pole from the years 1830 to 2170. The star Polaris will be at its nearest-to-the-Pole location in the year 2100. Meanwhile, I wonder what deepsky object is nearest to the pole in the year 2024 (say: today), and if there are telescopic photographs of this object. If such an object really exist (probably a PGC galaxy), then we could give it a name. For example: "2024 North Celestial Pole Galaxy". I know, it's not really a name, rather a designation of some sort. Anyway, I'm curious…
Warning: the galaxy known as Polarissima Borealis (NGC 3172) is excluded. I guess there are other (much more distant) galaxies which appear much nearer to the North Celestial Pole than NGC 3172 (that is: to the Pole of the year 2024).
Of course, we could ask the same question at 180° from the North Celestial Pole (in the southern constellation Octans).
Same warning: the galaxy known as Polarissima Australis (NGC 2573) is excluded.
I (with my good old-fashioned Uranometria 2000.0 star atlas) can't see if there are perhaps one or more galaxies of the I.C. (Index Catalogue) near the North Celestial Pole. Uranometria 2000.0 (from 1987) only shows a very tiny amount of the whole Index Catalogue. What does the Millennium Star Atlas say?
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PGC 02h52m56.73s +89°57'22.2" Gx PGC3599286 D: 0.0 x 0.0 ' pa:198 rv: 0 class: Name: 2MASXJ00370720+8949507 MagV:0.0
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That's interesting! Thanks Andrea!
+89°57', almost pinpoint on the North Celestial Pole. Are there photographs of that galaxy?
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I suppose there are, otherwise how would we know about it? But at any resonable image scale it will only show as pinpoint source, its nature belied. Spectroscopy would tell the whole story though.
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There's this strange thought which is suddenly appearing in my mind: could it be that every square arc-second in earth's surrounding sky is occupied by an extremely distant galaxy? So it seems when we see detailed photographs of well known nearby NGC or IC galaxies made by the Hubble Space Telescope, or the James Webb Telescope. The black space all around these galaxies is occupied by much more extremely distant galaxies… (very difficult to comprehend!). One could say, while pointing a laser beam upward: "In this direction, way beyond one of the well-known dense clusters of NGC galaxies, there are hundreds or thousands of much more extremely distant galaxies", but… in the opposite direction, at 180° from where the laser beam is aimed to, it's almost the same phenomenon: again there are hundreds or thousands of extremely distant galaxies. Wherever your laser beam is aimed to, there is always a "sea" of extremely distant galaxies… (my goodness…). But, wait a minute… there are also the so-called voids, the galaxy-less superstructures shaped like empty soapbubbles…
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Olbers's paradox or rather its resolution.
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Yes, that's indeed true. I wasn't aware of this phenomenon. The universe (to our nocturnal sensitive eyes, and in wide angle astrophotographs) should look kind of grey if all of the light from the "zillions" (?) of galaxies is reaching planet Earth.
Reminds my this query of the "Hundreds of Sirius images reflected by a solar furnace's field of flat mirrors at night" (would these hundreds of reflected Sirius images create a visible "glow" on a piece of white paper held at the "focal point" of all these mirrors?).
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It wouldn't look gray at all, it would look as bright as the Sun.
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Another somewhat related (?) (say: weird) question:
If a very thin ray of pure sunlight (for example: coming from the sun in the zenith, shining through crystal clear "mountainous" atmosphere) would shine on a pitch black painted surface at night, then… would it be possible for our nocturnal sensitive eyes to look at this projected thin ray of sunlight? (falling on the black painted surface). I wonder if there are black painted surfaces which reflect 0 % of the incoming light (as black as possible).
The black monolith at the moon's TMA-1 site in Stanley Kubrick's 2001: a Space Odyssey was an optically non-reflective object, created to absorb all of the incoming sun's light (weird dance that group of astronauts performed, unusual high pitch "music" too). Great movie though.
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If there is an atmosphere then there is scattered light so looking at the thin pencil of light you'd be able to see it, even if it is entirely absorbed by the the paint (which is clearly impossible).
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From M.G.J.Minnaert's Light and Color in the Outdoors, page 102: 'A pitch black surface in the light of the sun is as much as 8000 times brighter than a white surface in moonlight'. Strange... the original Dutch text in Minnaert's De Natuurkunde van 't Vrije Veld, page 108, says 10000 times: 'Roetzwart in de zonneschijn is tienduizend (10000) maal zo helder als een wit papier bij volle maan!'
So... if a pitch black surface is "lit up" by sunlight, and we would observe it during nocturnal circumstances (darkness adapted eyes), it would be impossible to look at it because of its dazzling brightness! No wonder we could see the so called Gegenschein (Opposition glow). Those sunlit dust particles in the solar system have very low albedo, but, because of our night vision, the Gegenschein's very weak glow could be perceived.
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If the definition of black is, that it reflects no light, how can we even see it? If there's an athmoshpere, we see the scattered light of that and not the black surface. But in a perfect system with no light reflecting back to our detector, we can't recognize it, can we? Of course, there is no perfect black surface and we always have a chance to see. But by definition, we should have excluded everything.
Good question!!!
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Could be an interesting experiment:
A room with black painted walls and ceiling (and black floor too) which has a tiny hole in one of the walls where sunlight is shining through. On the floor, a small pitch black painted placard (much more black than the room's interior) is catching sunlight coming from the tiny hole in the wall. The observer must spend at least an hour in this room, to let his or her eyes adapt to complete "nocturnal" darkness. The walls, the ceiling, and the floor are painted black to avoid the Camera-Obscura effect on the opposite wall of the wall with the hole in it (the "shine" of the projected upside-down image of the sunlit world outside the room could be very disturbing). Or perhaps… an additional small tube, a bit larger than the diameter of the hole, could be installed on the wall (at the hole) to make sure that no light from the exterior is shining into the room (only the ray of sunlight).
Now, how would that small pitch black painted placard in the sun's light look like? Dark grey? Medium grey? Light grey? Almost white? Pure white? Dazzling bright white? Almost looking like a lightsource on its own?
More or less related:
How would our moon look like if its surface has the same whiteness of snow (or the kind of "pure white" paper with some sort of thin layer of white chalk on it).
Note: the moon's surface looks really dark, it only shows "pure white" when it's Full Moon, thanks to the powdery regolith's strong retro-reflection (the Dry Heiligenshein effect).
Note:
People who want to create such a black painted room with tiny hole, could also use it to observe the projected image of the sun's surrounding sky (the spectral colored Coronae and Iridescent Clouds). The floor should be as white as possible (a horizontal projection screen). At the location of the sun's small image, a black disc to avoid the dazzling brightness of the sun's light. In this case, it's an "Atmospheric Camera Obscura" (tiny hole in the centre of the ceiling). Perhaps… this is already an old topic (??). I know of space-artist Don Davis who noticed the same phenomenon: a hole somewhere in the ceiling and the sun's small image on the floor, surrounded by vague spectral colored circles: the Corona in ultra-thin clouds around the sun.
Oh dear… where was I… somewhere at or near the North Celestial Pole…
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There’s a ytube vid where someone painted an entire room in vanta black. Interesting vid.
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Somewhere in 1982 I did something equal with my bedroom. I painted the walls and ceiling pitch black. On the ceiling: an airbrushed white spiral galaxy (sic). Well, it should have been a spiral galaxy, in fact, it look'd very much like an upside down sink hole composed of curved white streaks. In other words, it look'd nothing at all galaxy-like. Call it an (would-be) airbrusher's cosmic disaster. It was the very first time I did something like this. Should have known better. The result was... well... abominable.
By the way, there's an article in one of the ASTRONOMY magazines of the early eighties, about a painted starry sky in a living room (phosphorescent paint, to be illuminated by blacklight, and then... light out to enjoy the nocturnal appearance of the constellations!).
By the way, from the days of the German Krautrock era is the story of the electro-rock band Tangerine Dream, performing in a pitch black painted room. Next day: in a totally white painted room. According to several sources it must have happened in the Berlin club called the Zodiac. For those who want to know more about it, search Edgar Froese's book Force Majeure (the whole story of Tangerine Dream).
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